Crop production is a major contributor to Ethiopia's Gross Domestic Product (14%). Smallholders account for 96% of the total area cultivated in Ethiopia. They generate the major share of the total production of the main crops. The core soil-related constraints like soil erosion, soil acidification, depletion of organic matter, deterioration of soil biophysical properties, and salinity are among the serious agricultural problems that posed severe threat to food production and the livelihood of Ethiopians. Ethiopia faces a wide range of issues in soil fertility that requires approaches beyond inorganic fertilizer. Bio and emerging technology institute has been actively working on developing technology and protocols on vermicomposting and vermi-tea that can be used as organic fertilizer, developing soil acidic tolerant crop varieties etc. Significant holistic support and collaboration on our institute current efforts are crucial to cope with the complex production challenges.